Aug 22, 2022 · The unique combination of terrain (treeless, rough and steep) and snowpack characteristics (warm, dense and deep) in avalanche paths in Fiordland National Park provide suitable testing conditions to assess the role of terrain representation in the sensitivity of a dynamic hazard model.

Avalanche Terrain Exposure Scale (ATES), which provides a framework to comprehensively evaluate, describe and communicate the complexities of avalanche terrain exposure. This classification system for avalanche terrain consists of two models – technical and public communication. The technical model is

Nov 4, 2024 · The VS model can reproduce the maximum runout distance and velocity in three-dimensional terrain using parameters recommended in Swiss guidelines, and the RKE model can simulate avalanche deposition or ablation on steep slopes, which is …

Aug 1, 2010 · RAMMS solves the depth-averaged equations governing avalanche flow with accurate second-order numerical solution schemes. The model allows the specification of multiple release zones in three-dimensional terrain. Snow cover entrainment is considered.

In the present study, we investigate the influence of curvature on avalanche flow in real mountain terrain. Simulations of real avalanche paths are performed and compared for the different models approaches. An algorithm to calculate curvature in real terrain is introduced in RAMMS.

The ATES Technical Model is designed for avalanche terrain identification, analysis and evaluation to determine an ATES rating (Table 3). The model describes avalanche terrain exposure using eight individual parameters, each with thresholds for five ATES classification levels. Any given area, zone, corridor or route can include

Digital maps and terrain models are used to calculate maximum snow-avalanche run-out distance based on topographic parameters. Maps of 1:50 000 scale are found to be accurate enough for the purpose. 113 well-known avalanches are discussed in this paper.

Apr 5, 2022 · The complex nature of the alpine terrain in the avalanche path (steep, rough, rock faces, tree-less) made it a suitable location to specifically test the model sensitivity to digital surface...

Jul 13, 2021 · We first adopt Bingham plastic model from geodynamics to model the motion of snow flow in avalanche. Then we introduce a level set-based two-way fluid–solid coupling model to conduct terrain collision detection between snow flow and the surroundings.

Aug 22, 2022 · Numerical avalanche dynamics models are widely used to calculate extreme avalanches for hazard mapping and mitigation measure planning. A basic model input is the terrain represented by Digital … Expand