Just like with NPN and PNP transistors, there are N-FETs and P-FETs. N-FETs are like NPN transistors – the gate pin needs to have higher voltage than the source pin for the FET to open.

The first transistor was about half an inch high. That's mammoth by today's standards, when 7 million transistors can fit on a single computer chip. It was nevertheless an amazing piece of technology.

Another study focused on the electronic properties of defects formed at the SiO2/Si interface in gate-controlled lateral PNP transistors. It found that ionizing radiation creates two types of ...