When we last left Frederick II, was crowned Holy Roman Emperor after years of struggle. But this episode dives into Frederick’s fraught relationship with the papacy, his bold diplomacy with ...

As much as Julius Nepos refused to recognize his legitimacy and continued to hold the title in parallel until his death in 475 AD, history considers the last Western Roman emperor to be Romulus ...

When traveling to Italy, Father Nugent invites travelers to approach their destinations from the perspective of a pilgrim.

The second and eldest surviving child of Holy Roman Emperor, Charles VI and Elisabeth Christine of ... And there were many battles: Frederick II of Prussia became Maria Theresa’s greatest rival. He ...

Adrian also clashed with the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick Barbarossa, over authority in Rome and faced ongoing struggles with the Normans in southern Italy. He is also controversially linked to ...

March 19, 2003, is remembered as the day when former US President George Bush ordered aerial strikes on Iraq. This was the ...

OK, so maybe “Gladiator” isn’t necessarily a military movie, but the story does center around Maximus (Russell Crowe), a Roman general who takes the blame for the murder of Emperor Marcus ...

especially in the ‘frontier zones’ of Spain, Sicily and southern Italy. The Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II appears to have spoken at least some Arabic. Buildings such as the ...

Pope Gregory VIII called for a crusade with the intention of reconquering the Holy Land and the call was answered by three mighty heavyweights of Western Europe: Philip Augustus of France, the Holy ...