Population surveillance. The carrying of identification while traveling. Add to that the public presence of diverse religions ...

A new study reveals how the Greek Revolution reshaped the Ottoman Empire's governance and deepened surveillance of non-Muslim ...

Its Islamic faith and expansionist goals made it the boogeyman of Christian Europe for hundreds of years. Much like its contemporaries in both Asia and Europe, the Ottoman Empire’s legal system ...

The Jewish Diaspora, meaning the dispersion of Jews outside their ancestral homeland, was significantly shaped by religious ...

The spread of Christianity was made a lot easier by the efficiency of the Roman Empire, but its principles were sometimes misunderstood and membership of the sect could be dangerous. Although ...

The Ottoman Empire’s seeming tolerance of non-Muslim religions was part of a way to manage communities that drew the empire’s suspicions, according to an Osaka Metropolitan University historian.

You can find her on X @afekki Languages: English. Arabic. French. One of the oldest and largest Christian communities in the Middle East faces renewed threats in a cycle of violence that has ...

An Osaka Metropolitan University historian has found that the Ottoman Empire’s seeming religious tolerance stemmed from ...