Antigenic drift: Antigenic shift: Mechanism: Small mutations during replication lead to changes in the genes encoding antigens. Viruses swap whole sections of their genomes, leading to changes in ...

Researchers tracking emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have started noticing something strange. Different subvariants seem to be accumulating the same mutations in a sign of convergent evolution but ...

The Beta and Gamma variants, which have K417N/T mutation in addition to the E484K mutation, clustered together on the antigenic map. Conclusions.

The assessed mutations were representative of future antigenic evolution. Eighty-three novel versions of the “spike” protein on SARS-CoV-2 were designed using EVE-Vax.

Many pathogens evade the host's immune response by periodically changing their surface antigens so that existing antibodies no longer recognize them. "This strategy is known as antigenic variation ...

What is original antigenic sin or immunological imprinting? "There's a theory that our immunological response to the first exposure to a virus may sort of imprint your immune system," said John ...

Between 2021 and 2023, 99.46% of H9N2 isolates carried the HA-L226 mutation linked to human receptor binding; 96.17% contained the NP-N52 mutation associated with resistance to the human MxA ...

Original Antigenic Sin (OAS) is the “tendency of individuals exposed to a given strain of influenza to respond with antibodies that react more strongly to the first strain of influenza they had met in ...

Antigenic variation: decoding the mechanism controlling antigen activation in trypanosomes Peer-Reviewed Publication. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München ...