The five stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) indicate how well the kidneys are working, ranging from stage 1 (mild kidney damage) to stage 5 (kidney failure). The staging of CKD is based on a ...

CKD progresses through stages 1 to 5. Stage 4 CKD is the final stage before complete kidney failure in stage 5. People living with stage 4 CKD are likely to experience a range of symptoms due to ...

The adjusted HR of death for patients with CKD was 1.29 (95% CI 0.81–2.05), P = 0.27. When each stage of CKD was evaluated individually in the multivariate model, we found a graded increase in ...