A ventricular septal defect (VSD) occurs when there is direct communication between the left and right ventricles. This can be a congenital anomaly or acquired as a complication of a myocardial ...

An atrial septal defect of the secundum type is relatively common and occurs from failure of the septum secundum to develop. This results in a communication between the left and right atrium ...

An atrial septal defect is an opening in the wall that separates the upper chambers of the heart. It is one of the most common congenital heart defects, which are structural problems that develop ...