They were not part of the Russian Empire, nor the Ottoman Empire, nor Iran. The Russian Empire, at the peak of its military campaign against the indigenous Muslim population in 1863-1864 ...

The Balkan Peninsula, a crucial crossroads between Europe and Asia, has a storied history marked by the rise of the Byzantine Empire and the iron grip of the Ottoman Empire. From the conquest of the ...

The art reached its peak during the Ottoman Empire with the rise of imperial landmarks like Istanbul's Süleymaniye Mosque. Interior designer Sema Topaloğlu, who has designed homes in Florence ...