As the Ottoman Empire became a continent-straddling Muslim superpower, its sultan assumed the spiritual trappings of the Caliph. But the caliphate did not survive the Ottoman empire’s turbulent ...

While Pan-Islamic public opinion across multiple European empires singled out the Ottoman Caliphate as the voice and representative of the global Muslim community, the Ottoman Caliph-Sultan was the ...

Download [PDF] Summary Turkiye is swiftly expanding its influence in a rapidly imploding Islamic world, as its ‘neo-Ottoman’ ...

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