The apparent HA restriction seems unlikely to be coincidental, since the influenza virus HA genes that have been associated with human pandemic viruses, such as H1 and H2, are not particularly ...

HA binds to receptors on the surface of our cells, allowing the influenza virus to enter and start replicating. However, another surface protein called neuraminidase has been largely overlooked.

With the HA and NA genes, the influenza A genome contains eight genes encoding 11 proteins. These proteins include three RNA polymerases that function together as a complex required by the virus ...

Pappas, C, Aguilar, PV, Basler, CF, et al. Single gene reassortants identify a critical role for PB1, HA, and NA in the high virulence of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S ...

So far, 18 HA and 11 NA sub-types of influenza A virus have been identified. ... gene silencing against influenza viruses may also be successfully applied in antiviral therapeutics.

The researchers used the H5N1 strain isolated from the first U.S. human infection with the bovine strain 2.3.4.4b (A/Texas/37/2024) to test how mutations in the HA gene sequence affected the ...

In a study of newborn piglets, infection with influenza A was associated with disruptions in the piglets' nasal and gut microbiomes, and with potentially detrimental changes in gene activity in the ...

In early December 2024, a group of researchers published an article in the journal Science, entitled "A single mutation in bovine influenza H5N1 hemagglutinin switches specificity to human receptors".

The CDC said the patient’s sample showed mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) gene, ... Two Influenza A (H5N1) virions, types of bird flu virus, under a microscope. AP.

The HA genes of the viruses comprised the 137A and 192I residues that increased their affinity for human receptors. The team detected whooper swan and mandarin duck strains in murine lungs, nasal ...

The evolution of HA is mainly studied in isolation from other genes in influenza vaccine research, but Brooke says this data demonstrates the need to look at the interactions between HA and genes ...