Pica, N. et al. Hemagglutinin stalk antibodies elicited by the 2009 pandemic influenza virus as a mechanism for the extinction of seasonal H1N1 viruses. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 2573–2578 ...

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind the stalk domain of the influenza hemagglutinin glycoprotein have been shown to have broadly neutralizing activity against diverse influenza subtypes. In ...

R. Nachbagauer et al. Hemagglutinin Stalk Immunity Reduces Influenza Virus Replication and Transmission in Ferrets. Journal of Virology. Published online March 2016. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02481-15.

The stalk, by comparison, changes much less. “A number of groups have gone through and experimentally mutagenized the whole hemagglutinin and asked ‘which areas can change and still allow the ...

In contrast, the hemagglutinin stalk is far more resistant to mutations, providing a target for antibodies that block its activity—the reason it may be a candidate for a universal flu vaccine.

A new vaccine from Duke helps the immune system target the stalk of the hemagglutinin protein, rather than its top. view more . Credit: U.S. Centers for Disease Control.

For decades, researchers have sought out strategies to circumvent the rapid incessant evolution of flu strains. These strategies have varied from focusing on neuraminidase, to using stalk ...

They are moving toward a universal flu vaccine "by reducing the immunodominance of the hemagglutinin head and, thereby, increasing the immunogenicity of the hemagglutinin stalk and of the ...

The vaccine includes genetic instructions for making the hemagglutinin, or HA, proteins of each of the 20 strains. ... with a globular head that sits on a longer stalk.

Vaccination with antigenically complex hemagglutinin mixtures confers broad protection from influenza disease. Science Translational Medicine , 2024; 16 (745) DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adj4685 ...