Now ubiquitous in public life, heraldry was born out of necessity. Today, it is still everywhere, from the coats of arms of town councils to the shields on school blazers and even in private exchanges ...

Coats of arms, hereditary graphic signs identifying families of nobility, first appeared in Poland in the 13th century. The Polish use of these signs differed in some aspects from what was typical in ...

The University Arms, whose background colour is azure, contains a gold-edged open book at its centre, on which is inscribed Disce Doce (Learn and Teach). On either side is a sheaf of eight silver ...