After Muhammad's death, leaders called caliphs ruled the Islamic Empire and it continued to grow. Inside the Abbasid palace of Baghdad, built in around 12th century. The caliphates (Islamic states ...

I’m Ali. I live here in Baghdad ... My master is the Great Caliph – that’s our king – he rules the whole Islamic empire, which stretches from Spain to India. And one night I overheard ...

When he fled from his mayors of the palace and became a shadow in Egypt, that pretension was maintained and was assumed by the Turkish Sultan Selim, when in 1517 he took the Caliphate from the hands ...