Antigenic variation: How pathogens control changes in their cell surface to evade the immune system
The immune system responds to an infection by producing antibodies that recognize and bind to the cell surface of the ...
Medscape1mon
The Evolving History of Influenza Viruses and Influenza Vaccines
In 1958, a new strain of influenza A with different HA and NA was identified and antigenic shift was discovered; the need for a trivalent vaccine was recognized. Technical advances have made it ...
Science Daily7d
Antigenic variation: Decoding the mechanism controlling antigen activation in trypanosomes
The immune system responds to an infection by producing antibodies that recognize and bind to the cell surface of the pathogen, thus marking it as an intruder and triggering an immune response. For ...
Medscape29d
The Evolving History of Influenza Viruses and Influenza Vaccines
In 1958, a new strain of influenza A with different HA and NA was identified and antigenic shift was discovered; the need for a trivalent vaccine was recognized. Technical advances have made it ...