Antigenic drift: Antigenic shift: Mechanism: Small mutations during replication lead to changes in the genes encoding antigens. Viruses swap whole sections of their genomes, leading to changes in ...

The flu, for example, does not carry a proofreading enzyme, Dr. Zapata says, so it's more prone to mutations than coronaviruses are. "The flu virus can undergo what we call antigenic drift, which ...

Of more relevance to this year's experience is the phenomenon of antigenic drift. Drift is a subtler process than shift and involves the accumulation of mutations within the antibody-binding sites ...

Mutational antigenic profiling quantifies the antigenic effect of all amino-acid mutations to hemagglutinin (HA). Figure from publication To do this, the authors generated libraries of mutant viruses ...

Researchers tracking emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have started noticing something strange. Different subvariants seem to be accumulating the same mutations in a sign of convergent evolution but ...

As SARS-CoV-2 has spread, it has evolved and developed mutations, causing new variants of the disease. This article provides an insight into all variations.

The study delved into the antigenic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 by utilizing cross-immunity data among different variants, establishing a cross-immunity matrix through neutralization assays, and ...

In this article we introduce readers to antigenic essence technology, omitting some technical aspects and allowing certain liberties in the interpretation of scientific facts in favor of a ...

A new study published in Nature Microbiology has uncovered significant genetic and antigenic diversity among H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) circulating in poultry across China, highlighting ...

As part of the host-pathogen arms race, viruses are continually evolving to evade the host immune response, be it from previous infection or immunity acquired through vaccination. Here we take a look ...