Cheney is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 2,181. Cheney was foun…Cheney is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 2,181. Cheney was founded in August, 1883 and was named after Benjamin P. Cheney, a stockholder in the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.